Evolve HESI Practice Exam

What is the most appropriate method for a nurse to hear abnormal heart sounds in a patient?

1. Using the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the lung fields

2. Placing the stethoscope bell over the valvular areas of the anterior chest

3. Listening with the stethoscope near the patient's abdomen

4. Applying firm pressure with the stethoscope over the carotid arteries

The correct answer is: Placing the stethoscope bell over the valvular areas of the anterior chest

Using the bell of the stethoscope over the valvular areas of the anterior chest is the most appropriate method for a nurse to hear abnormal heart sounds in a patient. The bell is specifically designed to pick up low-frequency sounds, which are often associated with abnormal heart murmurs and gallops. These sounds are generated by the heart valves during their opening and closing, and by any structural abnormalities present. Positioning the bell over the specific valvular areas—such as the aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral areas—allows the nurse to effectively auscultate these critical sounds. This technique ensures that the nurse can identify any potential cardiac issues that may require further assessment or intervention. This method contrasts with the use of the diaphragm in other areas, which may not be ideal for detecting the low-frequency components of heart sounds. By focusing on the relevant anatomical sites and utilizing the appropriate part of the stethoscope, the nurse can enhance their ability to accurately assess cardiac function.